Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals researchers awarded five-year, $11.2 million federal grant to study esophagus cancers

Newswise — CLEVELAND—With a new five-year, $11.2 million grant from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), researchers at Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals hope to learn what causes—and how to reduce and treat—esophagus cancers, an increasingly common and deadly disease.

Cancer of the esophagus, especially esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), is highly lethal, with 80% of patients dying from the disease within five years of diagnosis, according to Kishore Guda, an associate professor at the Case Western Reserve School of Medicine. And patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE), marked by a change in normal cells lining the esophagus, are at high risk of developing EAC.

Guda is leading the NCI-funded research with Amitabh Chak, a professor at the School of Medicine, physician at University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Brenda and Marshall B. Brown Master Clinician in Innovation and Discovery. Both are also members of the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center and have been studying this form of cancer for two decades.

“This program,” Chak said, “is a culmination of decades of collaborative research between clinical investigators and basic cancer researchers.” 

With this new round of funding, they will focus on how these types of cancers originate—specifically, the molecular and genetic factors that trigger why and how Barrett’s esophagus develops and progresses to esophageal cancer.

“The goal,” Guda said, “is to translate our discoveries into effective prevention and treatments for patients, which, in turn will reduce cancer mortalities from this lethal disease.”

Their five-year project will consist of three parts, each based on their previous research:

• By studying family clusters of BE/EAC, they had discovered that people with inherited defects in a gene called VSIG10L are at a higher risk of developing the disease. Part one will involve studying human tissue and animal models to determine its function in the esophagus and how defects in the gene trigger the development of BE/EAC.

• They recently found that specialized cells from submucosal glands, are critical for repair and healing the esophagus after an injury. Based on preliminary findings, they believe prolonged inflammatory changes in these glands from acid reflux or stomach bile can prevent normal healing, leading to BE/EAC. In part two of the project, in collaboration with and led by Katherine Garman, an associate professor of medicine at Duke University, they will study what immune cells change within the submucosal glands during injury, and how those changes affect healing and trigger the disease. 

• Part three focuses on their recent finding that EphB2, a key protein present on the surface of the cells, regulates many of the cellular mechanisms that play a central role in BE/EAC development. They also discovered EphB2 is activated early in the abnormal mucosal glands lining under the surface of the esophageal layer. Based on these findings, they believe inherited or acquired defects in genes (from Part one), and/or abnormal inflammatory changes (from Part two), can activate EphB2 early during the development of BE/EAC. They will test whether and how: EphB2 activated in abnormal submucosal glands drives BE/EAC development and prevents normal healing of the injured esophagus.

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Case Western Reserve University is one of the country’s leading private research institutions. Located in Cleveland, we offer a unique combination of forward-thinking educational opportunities in an inspiring cultural setting. Our leading-edge faculty engage in teaching and research in a collaborative, hands-on environment. Our nationally recognized programs include arts and sciences, dental medicine, engineering, law, management, medicine, nursing and social work. About 6,200 undergraduate and 6,100 graduate students comprise our student body. Visit case.edu to see how Case Western Reserve thinks beyond the possible.

About University Hospitals / Cleveland, Ohio Founded in 1866, University Hospitals serves the needs of patients through an integrated network of 21 hospitals (including five joint ventures), more than 50 health centers and outpatient facilities, and over 200 physician offices in 16 counties throughout northern Ohio. The system’s flagship quaternary care, academic medical center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, is affiliated with Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Oxford University, the Technion Israel Institute of Technology and National Taiwan University College of Medicine. The main campus also includes the UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, ranked among the top children’s hospitals in the nation; UH MacDonald Women’s Hospital, Ohio’s only hospital for women; and UH Seidman Cancer Center, part of the NCI-designated Case Comprehensive Cancer Center. UH is home to some of the most prestigious clinical and research programs in the nation, with more than 3,000 active clinical trials and research studies underway. UH Cleveland Medical Center is perennially among the highest performers in national ranking surveys, including “America’s Best Hospitals” from U.S. News & World Report. UH is also home to 19 Clinical Care Delivery and Research Institutes. UH is one of the largest employers in Northeast Ohio with more than 30,000 employees. Follow UH on LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter. For more information, visit UHhospitals.org.